Judgments

FAMILY LAW – CHILDREN – Spend time with orders – Where term poor parental communication was inappropriately used to describe an entrenched pattern of behaviour towards the mother and child – Where no physical violence – Where father alleged to control mother by range of behaviours including harassment, intimidation, humiliation, monitoring, constant criticism – Whether father posed risks arising from alcohol use, mental health condition or family violence  – Where father lacked insight – Where child has a loving and meaningful relationship with the father – Where child would be exposed to unacceptable risk of psychological and emotional harm in the care of the father – Whether parenting coordinator and/or use of AI tool to moderate father’s communication style can mitigate the identified risks of harm – Where the risk posed by the father can only be mitigated by final orders for supervised and restricted time. 

FAMILY LAW – DIVORCE – respondent lacks capacity to participate in proceedings – efforts of court and solicitor for the application to appoint a litigation guardian for respondent unsuccessful, including by request to Attorney-General pursuant to rule 3.16(4) of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Family Law) Rules 2021 (Cth) – hearing of application in absence of respondent or a litigation guardian appointed on her behalf – consideration of evidence of separation under the one roof in context of respondent’s illness and disability and applicant’s role caring for her – unreliable corroborative evidence – application dismissed.

FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY – marriage of seven years; cohabitation of four years and two months – no children of marriage – husband seeks alteration of property interests – wife opposes application – application of Stanford – consideration of ss79(2) and 79(4) Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) – husband made no direct financial contributions and only limited indirect financial and non-financial contributions – finding it is not just and equitable to make an order pursuant to section 79 – application dismissed.

FAMILY LAW – PARENTING – where the subject child is almost 12 years old – where the child suffers anxiety – where the father seeks to have the child live with him full-time in circumstances where the child has never lived with the father nor had overnight time and has expressed anxiety and fear at the thought of spending overnight time with father – child feels unsafe with the father – child has suffered from further anxiety upon mother being diagnosed with life threatening illness –father’s lack of insight - child to live with mother – spend no time with the father 

FAMILY LAW – Application to review orders of Judicial Registrar.

FAMILY LAW – Parenting – final orders – child live with mother – mother have sole decision making relating to health and education – father spend each alternate Saturday with child – further time between father and child including overnight time as agreed between parties – where the father changes his position during proceedings – father to enrol in a parenting program 

FAMILY LAW – ICL Costs – financial hardship – ICL’s request for costs against the mother dismissed

FAMILY LAW – Parenting – application for adjournment – family report writer unavailable for cross examination – notice to the family report writer was not sufficiently given – not in the best interest of the child to adjourn the matter – application dismissed.

FAMILY LAW – Review of interlocutory property orders - 4 subject children – complex medical, behavioural and learning needs for both 17-year-old and 12-year-old subject children - Where the parties seek to vary interlocutory orders to sell the family home – Wife brings evidence to support the maintenance of the family home - Whether there has been a change of circumstances and/or the existence of a new fact that warrants the setting aside of the interlocutory orders – Whether the interlocutory orders should be enforced with a variation - Interlocutory orders set aside and fresh orders made. 

FAMILY LAW - PROCEDURE – leave granted to the applicant and the respondent to use documents filed in these proceedings for criminal proceedings

FAMILY LAW – Parenting – Child aged 9 – Where the child has not interacted with the father for four years – Where the father seeks parenting orders to resume a relationship with the child – Where the relationship was severed as he was sentenced to a term of imprisonment – Where the mother seeks a decree pursuant to s 102QAB of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) – Consideration of the welfare of the child’s primary carer – Whether the continued proceedings amount to harm – Family violence – Assessment of harm – Harmful proceedings order made – Application dismissed 

FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY – where husband was in persistent default of his obligations to file documents – where husband failed to avail himself of two opportunities to cross-examine the wife – where matter proceeded on the wife’s evidence – where wife is solely responsible for the care of the parties’ children – where wife has been out of the workforce for 19 years – where husband has a very significant earning capacity.  FAMILY LAW – SPOUSAL MAINTENANCE – where wife is solely reliant upon investment income – where husband has very significant earning capacity.  FAMILY LAW – CHILD SUPPORT – where parties expected their children to be educated at private schools – how private school fees should be paid – whether further departure or lump sum orders are appropriate

FAMILY LAW – De facto property settlement proceedings – ten-year relationship – two children – modest property – financial proceedings re-opened due to inheritance – who retains the family dog – hearing conducted on the papers – just and equitable outcome. 

FAMILY LAW – CHILDREN – where Mother alleges coercive controlling violence and manipulation of children by Father – where Mother seeks continuation of longstanding equal time arrangement – where Father seeks the children live with him and spend time with Mother in accordance with their wishes – orders made as sought by Mother.  FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY – where De Facto Wife’s evidence is preferred because De Facto Husband’s evidence is found to be unsatisfactory and unreliable – where the De Facto Husband has failed to comply with disclosure obligations – where transactions asserted by De Facto Husband found not to be genuine – where obfuscatory conduct on the part of the De Facto Husband hampered the ability of the Court to make findings sought by him – where expenditure on legal fees is added back – where significant adjustment in favour of De Facto Wife pursuant to s 90SF(3) found to be warranted.

FAMILY LAW – COSTS – Application for the father to pay the mother’s costs of an Application for Review – where the father achieved a less desired result at the Review Hearing than before the Senior Judicial Registrar- Whilst any hearing of a review application is to be heard as an original hearing parties should still carefully consider the merits of a review of a Registrar’s decision in circumstances where parties are at risk of costs in the event their review application is unsuccessful – orders for costs made. 

FAMILY LAW – Parenting and Property orders – 9-year-old subject child – where the father has been inconsistent with complying with spend time with orders – history of family violence – where the mother seeks sole parental responsibility and conditions subsequent should the father fail to spend time with child –– where the father seeks to jointly make decisions –  where the father seeks to amend child’s name to include his last name –  property adjustment orders – where a global approach is taken – where there is a stark financial disparity between the parties –  where the mother seeks a property adjustment reflective of the impact of family violence and there being no prospect of the payment of child support – adjustment of 60% of property pool in favour of the mother  

FAMILY LAW – Parenting – final hearing – discreet issue – where the Mother seeks an absolute restraint on the child being exposed to firearms – where the Mother has traumatic personal experience involving firearms – where the Father is a keen, responsible gun owner and enjoys hunting – where there is a meaningful relationship between the Father and child without exposure to firearms – whilst there is no unacceptable physical risk to the child being exposed to firearms in Father’s presence and supervision, dismissing the Mother’s application would likely result in the child becoming embroiled in a ‘loyalty conflict’, strain co parenting trust and communication and have an adverse impact on the Mother’s long term mental health with flow on adverse effects on her parenting capacity – best interests of child to order restraint on exposure to firearms until 18 years of age. 

FAMILY LAW – Parenting –  where children alleged to have been removed by force from the “live with” parent in a foreign place – grandparent alleged to have aided and abetted contravention of final orders and recovery order – whether a grandparent should be restrained from leaving Australia – where it is alleged a parent retains children in a foreign country and a grandparent aids and abets that retention- consideration of impact of culture and customary law of a foreign country –  where it is alleged children detained to enforce return of dowry – dowry paid in animals more than a decade ago – whether injunctions may support return of children to the “live with” parent –  whether any risk of flight – potential serious penalties if mother’s case made out, including imprisonment – whether section 92 of the Constitution implied freedom of movement – interim injunctions made.   

FAMILY LAW – PARENTING - issue of telephone communication – use of carriage service to make a threat – audio only communication - parties reached a consent position  

FAMILY LAW – Property – Where wife alleges substantial failure to disclose by husband – Husband unrepresented – Application for adjournment in circumstances where husband recently became unrepresented – Not infrequent difficulties with section 102NA representation in this court – Unintended consequences of section 102NA – Decision not to proceed undefended – Final hearing adjourned to allow appointment of another solicitor for husband by Legal Aid Victoria – Not insignificant volume of documents and material to be prepared – Costs thrown away by reason of adjournment fixed but to be determined at final hearing. 

FAMILY LAW – Child support enforcement application – where Father in arrears of child support – whether a superannuation payment split order can be made pursuant to Child Support Act – superannuation payment split orders can only be in section 79 or 90SM property proceedings – parties seek to settle debt by way of cash payment and superannuation split – section 105 of Child Support (Registration and Collection) Act 1988 does not vary section 90XS & 90XT of the Family Law Act 1975 –  informal procedures adopted –  where final property orders have already been made – final property orders set aside by consent –  see s 79A(1A) not section 79A(1)(a) applied –  new property orders made – superannuation split orders made by consent – procedural fairness must be provided to Trustee of superannuation fund –  after orders and reasons provided evidence of procedural fairness provided –  orders made.  

FAMILY LAW – Parenting and property – Application to proceed undefended – Where respondent mother has failed to attend hearing – Where there was sufficient notice and opportunity for respondent mother to attend – Decision to proceed undefended – Child left in applicant father’s care indefinitely and without notice while mother overseas – Mother yet to return from overseas – Father to have sole parental responsibility for child – Child live with father – Watchlist order for five year period to prevent mother from removing the child if she returns to Australia – Parties to retain all property in their possession – Where mother has retained substantial value of gold owned by parties – Parties to be solely liable for and indemnify the other against any liability – Where father’s mother has contributed significant sums to parties – Father to retain equity in former matrimonial home. 

FAMILY LAW – Divorce – contested application – validity of Country B marriage – forum non conveniens – whether Australia is a clearly inappropriate forum – pending application for restitution of conjugal rights in Country B – unsuccessful application for anti-suit injunction in Country B – presumption of validity of the marriage is not rebutted – nature of the order sought by the wife in the Country B proceedings – parties having connections to Australia – divorce granted.  

FAMILY LAW – PARENTING – Benefit of meaningful relationship to the child – Need for self-awareness and impact of behaviours – Risks capable of being minimised – time to incrementally increasing  FAMLY LAW – PROPERTY – Small property pool – Greater overall financial contributions by one party – Future needs adjustment  

FAMILY LAW – PARENTING - family violence – pornography - real and significant risk of emotional and psychological harm - best interests of the children – no time   

FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY – Leave to institute proceedings out of time – Prima facie case not established – Hardship not established – leave refused

FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY – s 106B claim by wife against incoming mortgagee- claim by wife against certifier under Australian Consumer Law for loss from alleged misleading conduct – husband dissipates equity in only real property that would have been in property pool – wife would have received alteration of property interest- absence of caveat facilitated husband fraudulent encumbrance and dissipation of equity – husband encumbers property in breach of injunction – contravention application filed – cross claim by incoming mortgagee against certifier and husband- judgment for incoming mortgagee against husband in sum of $8,242,144.97- wife’s – wife’s claims dismissed – urgent law reform needed to permit caveat for proceedings under Part VIII, Part VIIIAA and Part VIIIAB

nding the valuation of the wife’s pension arrived at by applying the provisions of Family Law Act and Regulations regard must be had to the nature, form and characteristics of such superannuation interest - Where the Husband can elect to receive a splitting order in his favour as a tax free cash lump sum and the time for the wife to be able, as of right, to commute her pension has passed - Where the requirement to achieve justice and equity permeates the entire s 79 process - Where the wife’s pension ought to be dealt with in a separate pool of property – Finding of equal contributions to both pools of property – Finding that no adjustment ought to be made in respect of either party – Finding that to effect a percentage adjustment of a figure calculated by the Regulations is an artificial exercise and is neither just or equitable - Orders made for an equal distribution of the substantive property pool – Orders made for a lump sum payment to be made to the husband out of the wife’s pension.

FAMILY LAW – COSTS – costs application following unmeritorious application to review interim parenting orders made by a Senior Judicial Registrar

FAMILY LAW – parenting – application for the school the two children are to attend from 2025 – mother seeks children attend non-denominational private school – father seeks children attend private and faith-based school.

FAMILY LAW – COSTS – where 92 count contravention application egregious – where contravention application was withdrawn on the morning of hearing - where an order in accordance with the scale of costs is not sufficient

FAMILY LAW – Interim hearing – parenting – where the parents are in dispute as to the schooling arrangements for the two youngest children and the time the youngest should spend with the father – where the father seeks to progress to one overnight on alternate weekends – where the mother seeks that the time remain as daytime only – where the Court considers it appropriate to move to one overnight – where the Court considers that the children should continue to remain at their respective schools and that the mother be restrained from enrolling them in any other school – various restraints – best interests of the children.   FAMILY LAW – Interim hearing – property – two real properties – where each party resides in one – where the wife seeks the sale of the both properties and for the sale proceeds to be held in the solicitors trust account – where the wife does not seek an interim distribution upon sale – where the husband seeks to retain the property he resides in – where the Court must consider whether it is just and equitable to sell the property the husband resides in – just and equitable outcome. 

FAMILY LAW – parenting and property– final hearing – parental responsibility – sole parental responsibility for medical decisions only – shared care versus nine/five arrangement – school holiday time – special needs of children – insight into needs – family violence – insight into parental behaviour – high parental conflict – where court disagrees with recommendations of the Family Report writer – add backs – legal fees – loans – contributions – inheritance – s 75(2)(o) – failure to disclose – increased legal fees due to conduct of a party – dissipation of assets post-separation – lump sum child support – chattels

FAMILY LAW – parenting – allegations that father poses unacceptable risk – allegations involving family violence, mental health and alcohol and substance abuse – dispute about whether there should be joint or sole decision making about major or long-term issues – whether there should be an order that the father not spend time with the children – mother withholding children who wish to spend time with father – allegations not all established – no contest that children should primarily live with the mother – interim orders for children to spend time with the father

FAMILY LAW – property – no appearance by the husband – matter proceeding on an undefended basis – where the matter has been on foot since 2021 – where there have been significant delays in the finalisation of the property proceedings due to the conduct of the husband   FAMILY LAW -practice and procedure– leave to proceed out of time – costs – considerations of indemnity costs – ordered to pay costs

FAMILY LAW — PARENTING — time with Father –– Father charged with serious criminal offences — Mother proposing he have indefinite supervised time — allegations of family violence — whether Father poses unacceptable risk to the child – whether the Mother’s parenting will be significantly impacted if the child spends unsupervised time with Father — Re Andrew argument — impact of the Father having time with the child upon Mother’s other children — whether the Mother ‘coached’ her other children to provide a negative view of the Father to the Expert — whether the child should live with the Father if found that the Mother is unable to promote a relationship with him.

FAMILY LAW – PARENTING – two children the eldest, aged 12 years, is completely estranged from her Mother and has lived exclusively with her Father and with limited contact with her 9 year old brother who lives primarily with the Mother in the former marital residence – both experts agree that forcing the 12 year old daughter even to attend “therapy” with the Mother is fraught and not recommended – the 9 year old in the Mother’s household effectively “drives the parenting bus” with the Mother arrogating significant parental responsibility and decision-making to her son – complete breakdown in trust between the parents – 9 year old son regularly absent from school even though the Father pays for a private driver to pick up the child and deliver him to school at a weekly cost of $600 per week – significant lack of insight on the Mother’s part regarding needs and best interests of the children – Orders proposed by the Independent Children’s Lawyer, supported by the Father, are in the children’s best interests – both children to live primarily with the Father, with son spending regular time with the Mother, and daughter in accordance with her wishes.  FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY - all financial support for the relationship and the family has come from the Husband – the Mother newly but provisionally qualified as a healthcare professional – Husband’s financial contributions far exceed those of the Wife accepting that the Wife was the primary care of the children when they were younger – certain levels of extravagance in the Wife’s spending during the relationship and her appropriation of $210,000 from a mortgage off-set account was in appropriate – various levels of financial distress for both parties – future needs of the parties, with the Father having primary care of both children, significant at the same time that while the Wife will be in full-time employment, the Husband’s income as a healthcare professional significantly exceeds that of the Wife – just and equitable Orders made as sought by the Husband.

FAMILY LAW – Parenting – international travel – where mother seeks that she be able to take children to Country B to visit maternal grandmother – where father opposes the application due to fear of abscondment and travel advice for Country B – where father opposes travel on the basis of impact on schooling and health concerns – where mother has demonstrated ties to Australia – Where Country B is a Hague Convention country – where overseas travel is in the children’s best interests – unacceptable risk not established – application allowed

FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY – final hearing – marriage of 28 years – marriage produced two children whom are now adult – where the parties operated a small family business – where the husband attended to the physical aspects of business and the wife attended to administration and accounts aspects – where the husband placed the company into liquidation during the part-heard trial without notice to the wife – where loans were taken from the business in respect no liability for tax has been calculation – where the parties have an inchoate debt to the Australian Tax Office – where the family Trust holds various properties – consideration of one party’s non-compliance with previous orders of this court – consideration of add backs – where a two pool approach is adopted – assessment of future needs – considerations of just and equitable – waste – matters to be considered

FAMILY LAW – PROCEDURE- dispensing with the need to comply with the Notice to Produce under r 1.31 of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Family Law) Rules 2021 (Cth)

FAMILY LAW - PARENTING – final hearing date vacated – mother not aware of concept of s 102NA order – interim parenting orders – refixing parenting and property for final hearing

FAMILY LAW – parenting – final orders – order for mother to have sole decision making responsibility – no live with or spend time orders made for oldest child – order that father spend no time with the children due to unacceptable risk

FAMILY LAW– Divorce application – order made

FAMILY LAW – Property – thirty-one year relationship – where there are two major assets, being the two jointly owned properties from the relationship – where the wife seeks to retain the property she resides in – where the Court must consider the value of the two real properties – where the wife seeks an adjustment under Kennon – where the Court must assess the husband’s conduct and non-disclosure throughout the proceedings – whether there should be any s75(2) adjustments – just and equitable outcome.

FAMILY LAW – PRACTICE & PROCEDURE – Interlocutory application for an adjournment part way through a final hearing – Sudden unavailability of counsel – Consideration of legal representation pursuant to the Commonwealth Family Violence and Cross-Examination of Parties Scheme – Where any confusion about legal representation is an unsatisfactory state of affairs that is a menace to procedural fairness.

FAMILY LAW – PROCEDURE - application in a proceeding - adjournment dismissed

FAMILY LAW – PROCEDURE - challenge to jurisdiction dismissed – clearly not inappropriate forum - application for a stay on the grounds of an inappropriate forum dismissed – application for instituting proceedings under Part VI of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) are by order also treated as instituting proceedings under Part VII and Part VIII – injunction under s 68B restraining proceedings in Country B.

FAMILY LAW – Application to review decision of Senior Judicial Registrar – application by mother to reopen proceedings – consideration of Rice & Asplund and section 65DAAA of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) – HELD no significant change of circumstances and not in the best interests of the child to reopen proceedings – application for review dismissed.

FAMILY LAW – Contempt application – Where contravention of financial obligation alleged to be contempt pursuant to section 112AP – Where attempts at personal service not successful – Where amended application and affidavit served by email – Rules as to personal service varied for this case – Application for adjournment refused.

FAMILY LAW - Property Proceedings – Threshold Hearing – Binding Financial Agreement – Binding Financial Agreement Set Aside.